C# - Overbelasting van de operator

U kunt de meeste ingebouwde operators die beschikbaar zijn in C# opnieuw definiëren of overbelasten. Een programmeur kan dus ook operators gebruiken met door de gebruiker gedefinieerde typen. Overbelaste operators zijn functies met speciale namen het trefwoord operator gevolgd door het symbool voor de operator die wordt gedefinieerd. vergelijkbaar met elke andere functie, heeft een overbelaste operator een retourtype en een parameterlijst.

Doorloop bijvoorbeeld de volgende functie −

public static Box operator+ (Box b, Box c) {
   Box box = new Box();
   box.length = b.length + c.length;
   box.breadth = b.breadth + c.breadth;
   box.height = b.height + c.height;
   return box;
}

De bovenstaande functie implementeert de opteloperator (+) voor een door de gebruiker gedefinieerde klasse Box. Het voegt de attributen van twee Box-objecten toe en retourneert het resulterende Box-object.

De overbelasting van de operator implementeren

Het volgende programma toont de volledige implementatie −

using System;

namespace OperatorOvlApplication {
   class Box {
      private double length;   // Length of a box
      private double breadth;  // Breadth of a box
      private double height;   // Height of a box

      public double getVolume() {
         return length * breadth * height;
      }
      public void setLength( double len ) {
         length = len;
      }
      public void setBreadth( double bre ) {
         breadth = bre;
      }
      public void setHeight( double hei ) {
         height = hei;
      }
      
      // Overload + operator to add two Box objects.
      public static Box operator+ (Box b, Box c) {
         Box box = new Box();
         box.length = b.length + c.length;
         box.breadth = b.breadth + c.breadth;
         box.height = b.height + c.height;
         return box;
      }
   }
   class Tester {
      static void Main(string[] args) {
         Box Box1 = new Box();   // Declare Box1 of type Box
         Box Box2 = new Box();   // Declare Box2 of type Box
         Box Box3 = new Box();   // Declare Box3 of type Box
         double volume = 0.0;    // Store the volume of a box here

         // box 1 specification
         Box1.setLength(6.0);
         Box1.setBreadth(7.0);
         Box1.setHeight(5.0);

         // box 2 specification
         Box2.setLength(12.0);
         Box2.setBreadth(13.0);
         Box2.setHeight(10.0);

         // volume of box 1
         volume = Box1.getVolume();
         Console.WriteLine("Volume of Box1 : {0}", volume);

         // volume of box 2
         volume = Box2.getVolume();
         Console.WriteLine("Volume of Box2 : {0}", volume);

         // Add two object as follows:
         Box3 = Box1 + Box2;

         // volume of box 3
         volume = Box3.getVolume();
         Console.WriteLine("Volume of Box3 : {0}", volume);
         Console.ReadKey();
      }
   }
}

Wanneer de bovenstaande code wordt gecompileerd en uitgevoerd, levert dit het volgende resultaat op −

Volume of Box1 : 210
Volume of Box2 : 1560
Volume of Box3 : 5400

Overbelastbare en niet-overbelastbare operators

De volgende tabel beschrijft de overbelastbaarheid van de operators in C# −

Voorbeeld

Laten we, in het licht van de bovenstaande discussies, het voorgaande voorbeeld uitbreiden en nog een paar operators overbelasten −

using System;

namespace OperatorOvlApplication {
   class Box {
      private double length;    // Length of a box
      private double breadth;   // Breadth of a box
      private double height;    // Height of a box
      
      public double getVolume() {
         return length * breadth * height;
      }
      public void setLength( double len ) {
         length = len;
      }
      public void setBreadth( double bre ) {
         breadth = bre;
      }
      public void setHeight( double hei ) {
         height = hei;
      }
      
      // Overload + operator to add two Box objects.
      public static Box operator+ (Box b, Box c) {
         Box box = new Box();
         box.length = b.length + c.length;
         box.breadth = b.breadth + c.breadth;
         box.height = b.height + c.height;
         return box;
      }
      public static bool operator == (Box lhs, Box rhs) {
         bool status = false;
         if (lhs.length == rhs.length && lhs.height == rhs.height 
            && lhs.breadth == rhs.breadth) {
            
            status = true;
         }
         return status;
      }
      public static bool operator !=(Box lhs, Box rhs) {
         bool status = false;
         
         if (lhs.length != rhs.length || lhs.height != rhs.height || 
            lhs.breadth != rhs.breadth) {
            
            status = true;
         }
         return status;
      }
      public static bool operator <(Box lhs, Box rhs) {
         bool status = false;
         
         if (lhs.length < rhs.length && lhs.height < rhs.height 
            && lhs.breadth < rhs.breadth) {
            
            status = true;
         }
         return status;
      }
      public static bool operator >(Box lhs, Box rhs) {
         bool status = false;
         
         if (lhs.length > rhs.length && lhs.height > 
            rhs.height && lhs.breadth > rhs.breadth) {
            
            status = true;
         }
         return status;
      }
      public static bool operator <=(Box lhs, Box rhs) {
         bool status = false;
         
         if (lhs.length <= rhs.length && lhs.height 
            <= rhs.height && lhs.breadth <= rhs.breadth) {
            
            status = true;
         }
         return status;
      }
      public static bool operator >=(Box lhs, Box rhs) {
         bool status = false;
         
         if (lhs.length >= rhs.length && lhs.height 
            >= rhs.height && lhs.breadth >= rhs.breadth) {
            
            status = true;
         }
         return status;
      }
      public override string ToString() {
         return String.Format("({0}, {1}, {2})", length, breadth, height);
      }
   }
   class Tester {
      static void Main(string[] args) {
         Box Box1 = new Box();   // Declare Box1 of type Box
         Box Box2 = new Box();   // Declare Box2 of type Box
         Box Box3 = new Box();   // Declare Box3 of type Box
         Box Box4 = new Box();
         double volume = 0.0;    // Store the volume of a box here
         
         // box 1 specification
         Box1.setLength(6.0);
         Box1.setBreadth(7.0);
         Box1.setHeight(5.0);
         
         // box 2 specification
         Box2.setLength(12.0);
         Box2.setBreadth(13.0);
         Box2.setHeight(10.0);
         
         //displaying the Boxes using the overloaded ToString():
         Console.WriteLine("Box 1: {0}", Box1.ToString());
         Console.WriteLine("Box 2: {0}", Box2.ToString());
         
         // volume of box 1
         volume = Box1.getVolume();
         Console.WriteLine("Volume of Box1 : {0}", volume);
         
         // volume of box 2
         volume = Box2.getVolume();
         Console.WriteLine("Volume of Box2 : {0}", volume);
         
         // Add two object as follows:
         Box3 = Box1 + Box2;
         Console.WriteLine("Box 3: {0}", Box3.ToString());
         
         // volume of box 3
         volume = Box3.getVolume();
         Console.WriteLine("Volume of Box3 : {0}", volume);
         
         //comparing the boxes
         if (Box1 > Box2)
            Console.WriteLine("Box1 is greater than Box2");
         else
            Console.WriteLine("Box1 is not greater than Box2");
         
         if (Box1 < Box2)
            Console.WriteLine("Box1 is less than Box2");
         else
            Console.WriteLine("Box1 is not less than Box2");
         
         if (Box1 >= Box2)
            Console.WriteLine("Box1 is greater or equal to Box2");
         else
            Console.WriteLine("Box1 is not greater or equal to Box2");
         
         if (Box1 <= Box2)
            Console.WriteLine("Box1 is less or equal to Box2");
         else
            Console.WriteLine("Box1 is not less or equal to Box2");
         
         if (Box1 != Box2)
            Console.WriteLine("Box1 is not equal to Box2");
         else
            Console.WriteLine("Box1 is not greater or equal to Box2");
         Box4 = Box3;
         
         if (Box3 == Box4)
            Console.WriteLine("Box3 is equal to Box4");
         else
            Console.WriteLine("Box3 is not equal to Box4");

         Console.ReadKey();
      }
   }
}

Wanneer de bovenstaande code wordt gecompileerd en uitgevoerd, levert dit het volgende resultaat op −

Box 1: (6, 7, 5)
Box 2: (12, 13, 10)
Volume of Box1 : 210
Volume of Box2 : 1560
Box 3: (18, 20, 15)
Volume of Box3 : 5400
Box1 is not greater than Box2
Box1 is less than Box2
Box1 is not greater or equal to Box2
Box1 is less or equal to Box2
Box1 is not equal to Box2
Box3 is equal to Box4