Mini CNC 2D-plotter bouwen uit een oude DVD-drive met L293D Motor Shield

Onderdelen en benodigdheden

Apps en online diensten

• Arduino IDE
• Processing IDE
• Inkscape

Over dit project

Twee oude DVD-drives positioneren zoals in de afbeelding

1. Download Arduino IDE
2. Download Processing IDE
3. Open Arduino IDE en laad de code van hier.
4. Open Processing IDE en laad de code van hier.

Open de oude DVD-drive en haal de interne bewegende bak eruit. Deze bak met stappenmotormechanisme fungeert als onze X- en Y-as. Bekijk de bijgevoegde foto's voor de montage. Boor gaten in het lege DVD-drive-behuizing en monteur X- en Y-as met bouten/moeren. Plaats ze loodrecht op elkaar.

G-code

Om G-code-bestanden te maken die compatibel zijn met deze CNC-machine, gebruik je Inkscape.

Inkscape is professionele vector-graphicssoftware (Windows, Mac, Linux), gratis en open-source. Gebruikt W3C SVG-standaard. Download versie 0.48.5 van inkscape.org.

Installeer de Add-on voor G-code-export: hier te vinden met installatienotities.

Volg de YouTube-video voor het maken van G-code-bestanden.

• Upload het gctrl-bestand naar Processing IDE en druk op PLAY.
• Druk 'p' voor communicatiepoort selecteren.
• Optioneel: jog-snelheid instellen met toets 1, 2 of 3.
• Druk 'g' om G-code-bestand te laden.
• Machine is klaar om te plotten zodra je Enter drukt na selectie.

Klaar om te plotten! Voorbeeld G-code-bestanden:

• Hisoka.gcode
• papay.gcode
• spong1.gcode

Bedankt voor je aandacht! Bezoek deze link voor volledige uitleg.

Code

Arduino CNC-code

#include <Servo.h>
#include <AFMotor.h>
#define LINE_BUFFER_LENGTH 512
char STEP = MICROSTEP;

const int penZUp = 95;
const int penZDown = 83;
const int penServoPin = 10;
const int stepsPerRevolution = 48;

Servo penServo;
AF_Stepper myStepperY(stepsPerRevolution, 1);
AF_Stepper myStepperX(stepsPerRevolution, 2);

struct point { float x; float y; float z; };
struct point actuatorPos;

float StepInc = 1;
int StepDelay = 0, LineDelay = 0, penDelay = 50;
float StepsPerMillimeterX = 100.0, StepsPerMillimeterY = 100.0;
float Xmin = 0, Xmax = 40, Ymin = 0, Ymax = 40, Zmin = 0, Zmax = 1;
float Xpos = Xmin, Ypos = Ymin, Zpos = Zmax;
boolean verbose = false;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  penServo.attach(penServoPin);
  penServo.write(penZUp); delay(100);
  myStepperX.setSpeed(600); myStepperY.setSpeed(600);
  Serial.println("Mini CNC Plotter alive and kicking!");
  Serial.print("X range is from "); Serial.print(Xmin); Serial.print(" to "); Serial.print(Xmax); Serial.println(" mm.");
  Serial.print("Y range is from "); Serial.print(Ymin); Serial.print(" to "); Serial.print(Ymax); Serial.println(" mm.");
}

void loop() {
  delay(100);
  char line[LINE_BUFFER_LENGTH]; char c;
  int lineIndex; bool lineIsComment, lineSemiColon;
  lineIndex = 0; lineSemiColon = false; lineIsComment = false;
  while (1) {
    while (Serial.available() > 0) {
      c = Serial.read();
      if (c == '\n' || c == '\r') {
        if (lineIndex > 0) {
          line[lineIndex] = '\0';
          if (verbose) { Serial.print("Received : "); Serial.println(line); }
          processIncomingLine(line, lineIndex);
          lineIndex = 0;
        } else { /* lege/comment regel */ }
        lineIsComment = false; lineSemiColon = false;
        Serial.println("ok");
      } else {
        if (lineIsComment || lineSemiColon) {
          if (c == ')') lineIsComment = false;
        } else {
          if (c <= ' ') { /* witruimte/control chars */ }
          else if (c == '/') { /* block delete niet ondersteund */ }
          else if (c == '(') { lineIsComment = true; }
          else if (c == ';') { lineSemiColon = true; }
          else if (lineIndex >= LINE_BUFFER_LENGTH-1) {
            Serial.println("ERROR - lineBuffer overflow");
            lineIsComment = false; lineSemiColon = false;
          }
          else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') line[lineIndex++] = c - 'a' + 'A';
          else line[lineIndex++] = c;
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

void processIncomingLine(char* line, int charNB) {
  int currentIndex = 0; char buffer[64];
  struct point newPos; newPos.x = 0.0; newPos.y = 0.0;
  while (currentIndex < charNB) {
    switch (line[currentIndex++]) {
      case 'U': penUp(); break;
      case 'D': penDown(); break;
      case 'G':
        buffer[0] = line[currentIndex++]; buffer[1] = '\0';
        switch (atoi(buffer)) {
          case 0: case 1: // G00 & G01
            char* indexX = strchr(line+currentIndex, 'X');
            char* indexY = strchr(line+currentIndex, 'Y');
            if (indexY <= 0) { newPos.x = atof(indexX+1); newPos.y = actuatorPos.y; }
            else if (indexX <= 0) { newPos.y = atof(indexY+1); newPos.x = actuatorPos.x; }
            else { newPos.y = atof(indexY+1); *indexY = '\0'; newPos.x = atof(indexX+1); }
            drawLine(newPos.x, newPos.y);
            actuatorPos.x = newPos.x; actuatorPos.y = newPos.y;
            break;
        }
        break;
      case 'M':
        buffer[0] = line[currentIndex++]; buffer[1] = line[currentIndex++]; buffer[2] = line[currentIndex++]; buffer[3] = '\0';
        switch (atoi(buffer)) {
          case 300: {
            char* indexS = strchr(line+currentIndex, 'S');
            float Spos = atof(indexS+1);
            if (Spos == 30) penDown();
            if (Spos == 50) penUp();
            break;
          }
          case 114: // M114
            Serial.print("Absolute position : X = "); Serial.print(actuatorPos.x);
            Serial.print(" - Y = "); Serial.println(actuatorPos.y);
            break;
          default:
            Serial.print("Command not recognized : M"); Serial.println(buffer);
        }
        break;
    }
  }
}

void drawLine(float x1, float y1) {
  if (verbose) { Serial.print("fx1, fy1: "); Serial.print(x1); Serial.print(","); Serial.print(y1); Serial.println(""); }
  if (x1 >= Xmax) x1 = Xmax; if (x1 <= Xmin) x1 = Xmin;
  if (y1 >= Ymax) y1 = Ymax; if (y1 <= Ymin) y1 = Ymin;
  if (verbose) { Serial.print("Xpos, Ypos: "); Serial.print(Xpos); Serial.print(","); Serial.print(Ypos); Serial.println(""); }
  if (verbose) { Serial.print("x1, y1: "); Serial.print(x1); Serial.print(","); Serial.print(y1); Serial.println(""); }

  x1 = (int)(x1 * StepsPerMillimeterX);
  y1 = (int)(y1 * StepsPerMillimeterY);
  float x0 = Xpos, y0 = Ypos;
  long dx = abs(x1-x0), dy = abs(y1-y0);
  int sx = (x0 < x1) ? StepInc : -StepInc;
  int sy = (y0 < y1) ? StepInc : -StepInc;
  long i, over = 0;

  if (dx > dy) {
    for (i=0; i= dx) { over -= dx; myStepperY.onestep(sy, STEP); }
      delay(StepDelay);
    }
  } else {
    for (i=0; i= dy) { over -= dy; myStepperX.onestep(sx, STEP); }
      delay(StepDelay);
    }
  }
  if (verbose) { Serial.print("dx, dy:"); Serial.print(dx); Serial.print(","); Serial.print(dy); Serial.println(""); }
  if (verbose) { Serial.print("Going to ("); Serial.print(x0); Serial.print(","); Serial.print(y0); Serial.println(")"); }
  delay(LineDelay);
  Xpos = x1; Ypos = y1;
}

void penUp() {
  penServo.write(penZUp); delay(penDelay); Zpos = Zmax;
  digitalWrite(15, LOW); digitalWrite(16, HIGH);
  if (verbose) Serial.println("Pen up!");
}

void penDown() {
  penServo.write(penZDown); delay(penDelay); Zpos = Zmin;
  digitalWrite(15, HIGH); digitalWrite(16, LOW);
  if (verbose) Serial.println("Pen down.");
}

Processing-code

import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import processing.serial.*;

Serial port = null;
String portname = null;
boolean streaming = false;
float speed = 0.001;
String[] gcode;
int i = 0;

void openSerialPort() {
  if (portname == null) return;
  if (port != null) port.stop();
  port = new Serial(this, portname, 9600);
  port.bufferUntil('\n');
}

void selectSerialPort() {
  String result = (String) JOptionPane.showInputDialog(frame,
    "Select the serial port that corresponds to your Arduino board.",
    "Select serial port", JOptionPane.QUESTION_MESSAGE, null, Serial.list(), 0);
  if (result != null) { portname = result; openSerialPort(); }
}

void setup() { size(500, 250); openSerialPort(); }

void draw() {
  background(0); fill(255);
  int y = 24, dy = 12;
  text("INSTRUCTIONS", 12, y); y += dy;
  text("p: select serial port", 12, y); y += dy;
  text("1: set speed to 0.001 inches (1 mil) per jog", 12, y); y += dy;
  text("2: set speed to 0.010 inches (10 mil) per jog", 12, y); y += dy;
  text("3: set speed to 0.100 inches (100 mil) per jog", 12, y); y += dy;
  text("arrow keys: jog in x-y plane", 12, y); y += dy;
  text("page up & page down: jog in z axis", 12, y); y += dy;
  text("$: display grbl settings", 12, y); y += dy;
  text("h: go home", 12, y); y += dy;
  text("0: zero machine (set home to current location)", 12, y); y += dy;
  text("g: stream a g-code file", 12, y); y += dy;
  text("x: stop streaming g-code (NOT immediate)", 12, y); y += dy;
  y = height - dy;
  text("current jog speed: " + speed + " inches per step", 12, y); y -= dy;
  text("current serial port: " + portname, 12, y); y -= dy;
}

void keyPressed() {
  if (key == '1') speed = 0.001;
  if (key == '2') speed = 0.01;
  if (key == '3') speed = 0.1;
  if (!streaming) {
    if (keyCode == LEFT) port.write("G91\nG20\nG00 X-" + speed + " Y0.000 Z0.000\n");
    if (keyCode == RIGHT) port.write("G91\nG20\nG00 X" + speed + " Y0.000 Z0.000\n");
    if (keyCode == UP) port.write("G91\nG20\nG00 X0.000 Y" + speed + " Z0.000\n");
    if (keyCode == DOWN) port.write("G91\nG20\nG00 X0.000 Y-" + speed + " Z0.000\n");
    if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_PAGE_UP) port.write("G91\nG20\nG00 X0.000 Y0.000 Z" + speed + "\n");
    if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_PAGE_DOWN) port.write("G91\nG20\nG00 X0.000 Y0.000 Z-" + speed + "\n");
    if (key == 'h') port.write("G90\nG20\nG00 X0.000 Y0.000 Z0.000\n");
    if (key == 'v') port.write("$0=75\n$1=74\n$2=75\n");
    if (key == 's') port.write("$3=10\n");
    if (key == 'e') port.write("$16=1\n");
    if (key == 'd') port.write("$16=0\n");
    if (key == '0') openSerialPort();
    if (key == 'p') selectSerialPort();
    if (key == '$') port.write("$$\n");
  }
  if (!streaming && key == 'g') {
    gcode = null; i = 0; File file = null;
    println("Loading file..."); selectInput("Select a file to process:", "fileSelected", file);
  }
  if (key == 'x') streaming = false;
}

void fileSelected(File selection) {
  if (selection == null) { println("Window was closed or the user hit cancel."); }
  else {
    println("User selected " + selection.getAbsolutePath());
    gcode = loadStrings(selection.getAbsolutePath());
    if (gcode == null) return;
    streaming = true; stream();
  }
}

void stream() {
  if (!streaming) return;
  while (true) {
    if (i == gcode.length) { streaming = false; return; }
    if (gcode[i].trim().length() == 0) i++; else break;
  }
  println(gcode[i]); port.write(gcode[i] + '\n'); i++;
}

void serialEvent(Serial p) {
  String s = p.readStringUntil('\n'); println(s.trim());
  if (s.trim().startsWith("ok")) stream();
  if (s.trim().startsWith("error")) stream();
}

Schema's

Sluit alle componenten aan zoals in de figuur getoond.